GLOSSARY

A'isha:  Leader during Jamal Confrontation.  Abbas: Brother of Imam Husain, flag-bearer during Karbala.  Abu Sufyan: Leader of Benu Umayya, Mu'awiya's father, was inveterate enemy of Islam.  AbuMusa Ash'ari: Governor fired by Imam Ali, was selected to arbitrate after Siffin.  Ahlul Bayt: The household of the Prophet (s), consisting of Ali, Fatima, al-Hasan, al-Husayn and the 9 Imams descending from al-Husayn (peace be upon them all).  AlFarazdaq: A famous poet.  AlNu'man Ibn alBasheer: Governor over Kufa replaced by Ibn Ziyad through Yazid's order.  Ali Akbar: Son of Imam Al-Husain, martyred in Karbala.  Ali Asghar: Baby of Imam Al-Husain, martyred in Karbala.  Ammar Ibn Yasir: A famous highly revered Companion, on Ali's side, killed in Siffin.  Amr Ibnil Aas: A cunning deceptive person, in Mu'awiya's camp, arbitrator after Siffin.  Ash'ath Ibn Qais: A spy General in Ali's armed forces, also the father of Joda (wife of Al-Hasan).  BaniAsad: The tribe that buried Al-Husain and the other martyrs of Karbala.  Basrah: An important town in south of Iraq.  Benu Umayya: A clan known to be power hungry, greedy, and materialistic, of Mu'awiya.  Byzantines: The Christian superpower ruling over Syria and Egypt that lost to Islam.  Hani Ibn Urwah: The man who helped Muslim Ibn Aqeel in Kufa and lost his life for the cause.  Hur Ibn Yazid alRiyahi: The Commander of the enemy force who defected to the side of Imam Husain.  Ibn Muljim: The killer of Imam Ali while Ali was performing Salat Al-Subh.  Ibn Ziyad: The Governor over Kufa responsible for the atrocities of Karbala.  Imam: The 12 Divinely Commissioned leaders of the Ummah after the Prophet (pbuh).  Imam AlHasan (a.s.): The second Divinely Commissioned Imam, and the brother of Imam Husain.  Imam Ali (a.s.): The first Divinely Commissioned Imam, and the father of Imam Hasan and Husain.  Imam Husain (a.s.): The third Divinely Commissioned Imam, hero of Karbala, brother of Imam Hasan.  Iraq: Country in which Imam Husain suffered at the hands of its military.  Jamal: Battle imposed on Ali by A'isha, Talha, and Zubair.  Joda: Wife of Imam Al-Hasan, who poisoned him when enticed by Mu'awiya.  Karbala: The site of the ugliest atrocities committed against Al-Husain, his family and devotees, but Karbala saved Islam from disintegration in an indirect way.  Khalifa: Head of state after the Prophet (pbuh).  Kharijies: The outsiders who turned against Ali, then killed him while he was praying.  Medina: Famous town of the Prophet (pbuh) in Arabia.  Mu'awiya: Of Benu Umayya clan, brother of Yazid, also father of the infamous Yazid of Karbala.  Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr: Brother of A'isha who fought on Ali's side during Battle of Jamal.  Mukhtar AlThaqafi: Loyalist of Ahlul Bayt.  Muslim Ibn Aqeel: Cousin of Al-Husain and his emissary to Kufa, killed by Ibn Ziyad.  Omar: The second Khalifa who appointed Mu'awiya as the Governor over Syria.  Quraish: The clan of the Prophet (pbuh).  Shimr Bin DhilJawshan: The killer of Imam Husain, his name will remain in infamy.  Siffin: Battle imposed on Ali by Mu'awiya.  Syria: Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine nowadays used to be called Syria.  Talha: Sahaabi, leader during Jamal Confrontation, killed during that battle.  Tulaqaa': Denigrating term used by Muhammad (pbuh) for the disbelievers who had to become Muslims after Mecca was triumphed over.  Umar Ibn Sa'ad: Commander-in-chief of the military forces against Imam Husain in Karbala.  Umm Habiba: Sister of Mu'awiya, daughter of Abu Sufyan, wife of the Prophet (pbuh).  Uthman: The third Khalifa killed by the protesting Muslims.  Waleed Ibn Ut'ba: Governor over Medina when Yazid son of Mu'awiya declared his rulership.  Yazid son of Abu Sufyan: Brother of Mu'awiya, governor of Syria for a few years until he died.  Yazid son of Mu'awiya: Son of Mu'awiya, the infamous despicable ruler, cause of Karbala tragedy.  Zainab: Sister of Al-Husain, heroin of Karbala, losing her children for the cause.  Zubair: Sahaabi, leader during Jamal Confrontation, refused to fight during that battle.